Input Ranges

An input range may be specified after each input file. This is treated differently by each operation. For instance

extracts pages two, three, four and five from in.pdf, writing the result to out.pdf, assuming that in.pdf contains at least five pages. Here are the rules for building input ranges:

• A dash (-) defines ranges, e.g. 1-5 or 6-3.
• A comma (,) allows one to specify several ranges, e.g. 1-2,4-5.
• The word end represents the last page number.
• The words odd and even can be used in place of or at the end of a page range to restrict to just the odd or even pages.
• The words portrait and landscape can be used in place of or at the end of a page range to restrict to just those pages which are portrait or landscape. Note that the meaning of ``portrait'' and ``landscape'' does not take account of any viewing rotation in place (use -upright first, if required). A page with equal width and height is considered neither portrait nor landscape.
• The word reverse is the same as end-1.
• The word all is the same as 1-end.
• A range must contain no spaces.
• A tilde (~) defines a page number counting from the end of the document rather than the beginning. Page ~1 is the last page, ~2 the penultimate page etc.

For example: